---

1) The maximum content of Na+ - K+ ATPase in renal tubule is seen in :

One answer only.

a) Thick ascending limb

b) Thin ascending limb

c) DCT

d) CD

---

2) Macula densa marks the :

One answer only.

a) Start of DCT

b) Start of CD

c) End of PCT

d) Beginning of thick ascending limb

---

3) The hyperosmolarity of the renal medulla is due to increased content of :

One answer only.

a) K+

b) Na+ and urea

c) Glucose

d) Na+

---

4) Which type of neurogenic bladder is seen in lesions (section of spinal cord) above S2,3,4 ?

One answer only.

a) Autonomous bladder

b) Uninhibited neurogenic bladder

c) Automatic bladder

d) Sensory paralytic bladder

---

5) The cortical representation or control of micturition is :

One answer only.

a) Cingulate gyrus

b) Paracentral lobule

c) Frontal lobe

d) Temporal lobe

---

6) Which of the following combinations of data would lead you to suspect that a patient had the " Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion "?

One answer only.

a) Posm (mosm/kg)286 PNa (meq/L) 138 Uosm(mosm/kg)627

b) Posm (mosm/kg)263 PNa (meq/L) 126 Uosm(mosm/kg) 52

c) Posm (mosm/kg)286 PNa (meq/L) 138 Uosm(mosm/kg)177

d) Posm (mosm/kg)263 PNa (meq/L) 126 Uosm(mosm/kg) 426

e) Posm (mosm/kg) 300 PNa (meq/L) 144 Uosm(mosm/kg) 100

---

7) Loss of fixed negative charges on the glomerular capillary membrane will increase :

One answer only.

a) G.F.R

b) Filtration of albumin

c) Filtration of cationic macromolecules

d) Filtration of the negatively charged chloride and sulfate ions

e) Filtration of the positively charged sodium and potassium ions

---

8) As a consequence of renal disease, the kidneys lose 60% of their functioning nephrons. The plasma concentration of which substance do you expect to change most ?

One answer only.

a) Na+

b) K+

c) Glucose

d) Urea

e) Albumin

---

9) The approximate plasma volume in a 60 kg man is :

One answer only.

a) 3L

b) 9L

c) 12L

d) 24L

---

10) What % is the total blood volume of the body weight :

One answer only.

a) 3%

b) 5%

c) 8%

d) 10%