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1) Punishment is effective if:

One answer only.

A) it does not generate aversion towards the punishing person

B) it does not result in an escape reaction

C) it decreases the necessity of further punishment

D) all of the above

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2) Punishment is effective if it is applied:

One answer only.

A) immediately

B) with a slight delay

C) with marked delay

D) none of the above

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3) In the following example, the best way to reinforce a child's behavior is to tell him/her: 1) "Go to bed, I'll tell you a tale!" 2) "I'll beat you if you don't go straight to bedl" 3) "I'm happy that you've put your pyjamas on!" 4) "If you don't go to bed, you can't have breakfast in the morning!"

One answer only.

A) answers (1),( 2), and (3) are correct

B) answers (1) and (3) are correct

C) answers (2) and (4) are correct

D) all of the above

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4) Which of the following statements concerning the prognosis of homosexuality in males is correct?

One answer only.

A) dreams of heterosexual activity are indicative of a better prognosis

B) the prognosis is independent of the patient's age at the beginning of therapy

C) the prognosis is independent of any childhood experiences with the other sex

D) all of the above

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5) The frequency of suicide is highest in:

One answer only.

A) manic-depressive illnesses

B) schizophrenia

C) senile depressive reactions

D) psychotic depressive reactions

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6) Important mechanisms in the development of the "ego" include:

One answer only.

A) condensation

B) rationalization

C) defense

D) identification

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7) Thumb sucking:

One answer only.

A) usually ceases by the first year of age

B) may normally be observed during sleep until the age of 3

C) is physiologically present during the first few months of life

D) all of the above

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8) The proportion of suicides which have already been preceded by earlier suicie attempts is:

One answer only.

A) 20%

B) 50%

C) 60%

D) 100%

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9) The most common form of a learning disorder is:

One answer only.

A) difficulty in spelling words

B) difficulty in arithmetic tasks

C) a writing disorder

D) a reading disorder

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10) Contraindications to lithium administration include:

One answer only.

A) an administration in combination with chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

B) the presence of a renal disease

C) any occurrence of the symptoms of schizophrenia

D) the presence of depression