GAISBΦCK'S SYNDROME
stress polycythemia, combination of modest elevation in hematocrit and normal red cell mass; unknown etiology, seen in hard-driving middle-aged males, usually smokers, who in addition tend to be overweight and hypertensive
GALEAZZI FRACTURE
fracture of the radius at the junction of the middle and distal thirds accompanied by disruption of the distal radioulnar joint
GALEN, GREAT VEIN OF
great cerebral vein
GALLAVARDIN DISSOCIATION
in AS, high-velocity jet within the aortic root results in radiation of murmur upward to 2nd right intercostal space (in older patients, becomes harsh, noisy, and impure), whereas the murmur over apex is pure and often musical, mimicking mitral regurgitation.
GAMEKEEPER'S THUMB
injury to ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb
GANDY-GAMNA NODULES
in congestive splenomegaly, organization of focal hemorrhages giving rise to foci of fibrosis containing deposits of iron and calcium salts encrusted on connective tissue and elastic fibers
GARDNER'S SYNDROME
familial adenomatous polyposis (now realized all patients with FAP have extraintestinal manifestations), exhibiting intestinal polyps identical to those in FAP combined with 1. sebaceous cysts, 2. osteomas (particularly of the mandible, skull, and long bones), 3. desmoid tumors; mutation in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene in 5q
GARDOS CHANNEL
potassium-selective channel controlled by cytosolic calcium concentrations, one of two channels involved in red cell shrinkage playing a role in sickling; local tissue acidosis and deoxygenation-induced influx of calcium activate the Gardos channel resulting in shrinkage; clotrimazole potent blocker of this channel
GARR, SCLEROSING OSTEOMYELITIS OF
typically develops in the jaw, associated with extensive new bone formation that obscures much of the underlying osseous structure
GASTRINOMA TRIANGLE
a triangle where more than 90% of extrapancreatic gastrinomas are located bordered by 1. 3rd portion of duodenum, 2. Cystic duct, 3. Pancreatic neck
GAUCHER'S DISEASE
AR sphingolipidosis (sulfatidose), mutations in glucocerebrosidase gene on 1q21, enzyme cleaves glucose residue from ceramide, frequently fatal; type I, chronic non-neuronopathic form, splenic and skeletal involvement
GERALDI, FOSSA OF
name of the fossa between the testicle and epididymus
GERHARD'S SIGN
in aortic regurgitation, pulsation of the spleen in the presence of splenomegaly
GEROTA'S FASCIA
fascia surrounding the kidney
GERSTMANN SYNDROME
finger agnosia, agraphia, right-left disorientation, and dyscalculia
GERSTMANN-STRAUSSLER-SCHEINKER SYNDROME
slow central nervous system disease, hereditary as well as transmissible prion disease with same mutation, point mutation in codon 102 of prion protein as CJD; characterized by cerebellar dysfunction with multiple plaques
GHON LESION
primary area of tuberculosis infection
GIBBS-DONNAN EQUILIBRIUM
in RBCs, bicarbonate ions diffusing out and chloride diffusing in
GILBERT'S SYNDROME
with the exception of hemolytic anemias, most common cause of mild unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia from mild decrease glucoronyltransferase activity, responds to phenobarbital, affects up to 7% of population
GITELMAN'S SYNDROME
variant of Bartter's syndrome where patients have hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria due to mutations in thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride transporter
GLANZMANN'S THROMBASTHENIA
Gp IIb/IIIa receptor for fibrinogen missing
GLAUBER'S SALT
sodium sulfate, laxative
GLEASON SCORE
prostate cancers stratified into 5 grades on basis of glandular patterns and degree of differentiation; grade 1 most differentiated and grade 5 no glandular differentiation; two grades added together for score; therefore most differentiated tumor score of 2
GLEICH SYNDROME
episodic angioedema with eosinophilia characterzed by recurrent episodes of angioedema, urticaria, pruritus, fever, weight gain, elevated IgM, leukocytosis, and marked eosinophilia; blood eosinophilia parallels disease activity (N Engl J Med 1984;310:1621
GLEICH SYNDROME
recurrent angioedema, urticaria, fever, weight gain and blood hypereosinophilia, elevated serum IgM, benign course without involvement of the internal organs
GLISSON'S CAPSULE
liver capsule
GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASES
type I, von Gierke's disease; type II, Pompe's disease; type III, Cori's disease; type V, McAdle's syndrome
GOETZ SIGN
in PDA, jet of unopacified blood from aorta into opacified blood of pulmonary artery
GOLDIE-COLDMAN HYPOTHESIS
malignant cells likely to acquire spontaneous resistance to cytotoxic drugs as they progressively grow and divide, even without any exposure to those drugs
GONDA'S MANEUVER
extensor plant response by flicking the little toe suggesting upper motor neuron defect
GOOD'S SYNDROME
immunodeficiency associated with thymoma
GOODELL'S SIGN
softening of cervix associated with pregnancy that occurs at around 8th week
GOODPASTURE'S SYNDROME
glomerulonephritis characterized by linear deposits of antibody along the glomerular basement membrane, antibodies interact with alveolar wall, leads to pulmonary hemorrhage and pulmonary fibrosis; Goodpasture antigen, resides in the noncollagenous portion of the alpha3 chain of collagen type IV; high prevalence of DRW15/DQW6, also see iron-deficiency anemia
GOODSALL'S RULE
anal fistulae course in a straight path anteriorly and take a curved path posteriorly
GORDON'S MANEUVER
extensor plant response by squeezing the calf muscle suggesting upper motor neuron defect
GORDON'S SYNDROME
type 2 pseudohypoaldosteronism associated with volume expansion, hypertension, and otherwise normal renal function; felt be to be due to enhanced distal chloride reabsorption
GORHAM-STOUT DISEASE
vanishing or disappearing bone disease; IL-6 has pathogenetic role
GOTTRON'S PAPULES
violaceous papules over knuckle prominences found in dermatomyositis
GOWER'S MANEUVER
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, patient using hands to help himself get up
GRADENIGO'S SYNDROME
thrombosis of inferior petrosal sinus producing ipsilateral facial pain, lateral rectus muscle weakness
GRAHAM STEELL MURMUR
early diastolic murmur of pulmonic regurgitation secondary to pulmonary hypertension, best heard in left 2nd interspace, may be indistinguishable from murmur of aortic regurgation. occurs in 12% of patients with tricuspid regurgiation.
GRAVES'S DISEASE
hyperthyroidism with diffuse goiter, ophthalmopathy, dermopathy from thyroid-stimulating Ig
GREIG CEPHALOPOLYDACTYLY SYNDROME
rare autosomal dominant developmental disorder characterized by craniofacial abnormalities and post-axial and pre-axial polydactyly as well as syndactyly of hands and feet from mutation in GLI3
GREY TURNER'S SIGN
local areas of discoloration about the umbilicus and particularly in the region of the loins, in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis (1-2%) and other causes of retroperitoneal hemorrhage
GRIFFITH'S SIGN
in thyrotoxicosis, lag of the lower lids during elevation of the globes
GROTTON'S LESIONS
in dermatomyositis, scaling erythematous eruption or dark red patches over the knuckles, elbows, knees
GUAM DISEASE
Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism-dementia linked to a plant excitant neurotoxin found in cycad plant eaten by Chamorro people, toxin believed to be excitotoxin beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine, a low-potency convulsant Science 1987;237:517-22
GUILLAIN-BARRΙ SYNDROME
acute idiopathic polyneuropathy following minor infective illnesses, inoculations, or surgical procedures (suggested association with C. jejuni) resulting in immunologically-mediated demyelination and leading to progressive weakness
GUNN'S SIGN
tapering of veins on either side of AV crossing in hypertensive retinopathy (grade 3); c.f. Salus's sign and Bonnet's sign
GUNTHER'S DISEASE
AR congenital erythropoietic porphyria from decreased URO synthase activity, hemolytic anemia, cutaneous lesions
GUTHRIE TEST
for diagnosis of PKU, a bacterial assay for phenylalanine
Note: Eponyms Database Author: Andrew J. Yee, M.D. (website: eponyms.net)
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