RABSON-MENDENHALL SYNDROME
congenital syndrome characterized by insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans, and growth retardation; associated with developmental abnormalities of bones and teeth, PCOD, genitomegaly, and pineal gland hyperplasia; associated with mutation in insulin receptor
RACCOON EYES
bilateral black eyes in basilar skull fracture
RAMSAY HUNT SYNDROME
herpes zoster infection of the geniculate ganglion; facial nerve involvement (ear, palate, pharynx, or neck); pain and vesicles appear in external auditory canal along with hyperacusia, and patients lose their sense of taste in anterior 2/3 of tongue while developing ipsilateral facial palsy
RANDLE CYCLE
glucose-free fatty acid cycle; inverse relationship between glucose and free fatty acid use
RANKE COMPLEX
combination of Ghon lesion and involved lymph nodes in tuberculosis
RANSONS' CRITERIA
at presentation, age>55; WBC>16,000; glucose>200; AST>250; LDH>350. during initial 48 hrs, BUN deficit>4; BUN increase>5; fluid sequestration>6L; Ca10; pO260s pathologic in all age groups
REITER'S SYNDROME
In 1916, Reiter described a triad of arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis; 80% possess HLA-B27; associated with Shigella flexneri; ReA develops in 20% of exposed B27+ individuals; subset of reactive arthritis; triad present in 1/3 of patients; incidence estimated as 3.5/100K in males under age of 50; balanitis circinata (penis) and keratoderma blenorrhagica
RENSHAW CELLS
inhibitory cells in the ventral horn of the spinal cord
RETZIUS, SPACE OF
the preperitoneal space anterior to the bladder
RETZIUS, VEINS OF
numerous small veins in the retroperitoneum that connect the retroperitoneal viscera to the posterior abdominal wall; dilated in portal hypertension
REYE'S SYNDROME
rare disease characterized by fatty change in liver and encephalopathy that in its most severe forms may be fatal; associated with VZV and influenza virus B in children given aspirin
REYNOLD'S PENTAD
Charcot's triad plus altered mental status and shock in cholangitis
RICHTER SYNDROME
the evolution of chronic lymphocytic leukemia to a large cell lymphoma with high fever, weight loss, enlarging lymph nodes, and hepatosplenomegaly
RICHTER'S HERNIA
incarcerated or strangulated hernia involving only one sidewall of the bowel, which can spontaneously reduce, resulting in gangrenous bowel and perforation within the abdomen without signs of obstruction
RIEDEL'S LOBE
in some persons, especially those with a lanky build, the liver tends to be somewhat elongated so that its right lobe is easily palpable as it projects downward toward the iliac crest; such elongation, called Riedel's lobe
RIEDEL'S THYROIDITIS
unknown etiology, marked by glandular atrophy, hypothyroidism, and replacement of the thyroid by fibrous tissue with adhesion to surrounding structures
RIESMAN'S SIGN
bruit over closed eyes in thyrotoxicosis
RIGGLER'S SIGN
see bowel wall in perforation on plain films
RILEY-DAY SYNDROME
hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type III (familial dysautonomia), recessive disorder that commences in infancy and is characterized by conspicuous autonomic dysfunction (absent tearing, labile temperature, and blood pressure), and accompanied by absent taste sensation, absent funfigform papillae on tongue, impaired pain and temperature sensation, and areflexia; occurs among Ashkenazi
RINNE TEST
sensorineural loss, AC>BC conduct loss, BC>AC
RITTER'S DISEASE
Staph scaled skin syndrome
ROBERTS SYNDROME
autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by absence of leg bones, hypoplastic arms, bilateral cleft lip and cleft palate, prominent eyes
ROGER'S DISEASE
small congenital VSD defect <0.5 cm in diameter (most are muscular); Henri L. Roger, French physician, 1809-1891
ROKITANSKY-ASCHOFF SINUSES
small outpouchings of the gallbladder mucosa that may penetrate into and through the muscle wall; prominence in the settings of inflammation and gallstone formation (e.g. chronic cholecystitis) suggests that they are acquired herniations
ROMAΡA'S SIGN
in the first week of Chagas disease, unilateral periorbital edema and swelling of the eyelid associated with reduviid bug of eye
ROMBERG TEST
patient stands feet together, eyes open and then closes both eyes for 20 to 30 sec without support; positive test with eyes open suggestive of cerebellar ataxia; with eyes closed suggestive of impaired proprioception
ROSENBACH'S SIGN
in thyrotoxicosis, tremor of the closed eyelids
ROSENBACH'S SIGN
in aortic regurgitation, hepatic pulsations
ROSENTHAL FIBERS
inclusions that develop in astrocytes in chronic reactive and neoplastic proliferations; abundant in Alexander's disease
ROTH'S SPOTS
in bacterial endocarditis and other retinal hemorrhagic conditions, a round white spot surrounded by hemorrhage (secondary to microemboli in endocarditis)
ROTOR'S SYNDROME
poorly defined defects in hepatic uptake and storage of bilirubin; resembles Dubin-Johnson syndrome, but liver pigment missing
ROTTER'S LYMPH NODES
lymph nodes between the pectoralis minor and pectoralis major
ROVSING'S SIGN
pain in the right lower quadrant during left-sided pressure suggests appendicitis; so does right lower quadrant pain on quick withdrawal (referred rebound tenderness)
RUFFINI'S CORPUSCLES
sensory receptors for heat
RUMPEL-LEEDE SIGN
test for capillary fragility carried out by incresing venous pressure in forearm with BP cuff and then inspecting the skin for petechial eruptions. Also called Hess test.
RUSELL'S SIGN
lanugo, dry skin, hand calluses, associated with purging and bulimia
RUSSELL BODIES
endoplasmic reticulum of plasma cells engaged in active synthesis of immunoglobulins may become hugely distended, producing large, homogenous eosinophilic inclusions called Russell bodies; also seen in Waldenstφm macroglobulinemia
RUSSELL VIPER VENOM TIME
sensitive screening tests for lupus anticoagulant activity
RUSSELL-SILVER SYNDROME
syndrome characterized by lateral asymmetry and low-birth-weight dwarfism
Note: Eponyms Database Author: Andrew J. Yee, M.D. (website: eponyms.net)
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