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| Ophthalmology High Yield Notes | |
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Pupil abnormalities
by nuke - 3357 reads, 0 votes
Bilateral
Miosis – pupillary constriction Iridocyclitis, miotic eye drops (pilocarpine)
Mydriasis – pupillary dilation Iridocyclitis, mydriatic or cycloplegic drops (atropine); midbrain (reflex arc) lesions or hypoxia; oculomotor CNIII damage; acute angle glaucoma
Failure to respond (constrict) with light stimulus Iridocyclitis; corneal or lens opacity; retinal degeneration; optic nerve CNII destruction; midbrain synapses involving afferent pupillary fibers or oculomotor nerve; impairment of efferent fibers that innervate sphincter pupillae muscle
Argyll Robertson pupil Bilateral, miotic, irregularly shaped pupils that fail to constrict with light but retain constriction with ...
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Sjogren's Syndrome: Summary and Diagnostic Tests
by - 1225 reads, 0 votes
Early diagnosis and treatment are important for preventing complications. The symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome may overlap with or “mimic” those of other diseases including lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, dryness can occur for other reasons, such as a side effect of medication like anti-depressants or high blood pressure medication....
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Dark room procedures for Ophthalmology Practicals: Part 2
by rxpg - 1897 reads, based on 2 votes
The use of Cycloplegia in retinoscopy
In retinoscopy a common source of error is
accommodation which is most active in young patients. When patient accommodates
the refractive power of the eye increases resulting in a variable shift towards
myopia. A simple solution would be to relax the accommodation by the use of a
cycloplegic but cycloplegia leads to abolition of basal tone of the ciliary body
muscles resulting in manifestation of latent hypermetropia. So if the patient
accommodates there is a shift towards myopia, and if we use cycloplegia there is
a shift towards hypermetropia; however, the latter situation is preferable as
the amount of shift towards hypermetropia caused by a ...
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Dark Room Procedures for Ophthalmolgy Practicals: Part 1
by rxpg - 2684 reads, based on 5 votes
RxPG thanks Dr Sanjay Dhawan, Maulana Azad Medical College and GNEC, for providing these high yield notes.
DARKROOM PROCEDURES : ENLIGHTENED
Introduction
Dark-room procedures (DRP) constitute an
essential part of the examination of the eye beside being an important part of
the undergraduate professional examinations. The main DRPs are:...
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Dark Room Procedures for Ophthalmology Practicals: Part 3
by rxpg - 2141 reads, based on 2 votes
IV. Direct Ophthalmoscopy
First given by Herman von Helmholtz,
ophthalmoscopy is classically done by just a plane mirror making use of the
optical system of the patient’s eye. The light of the hand held self
illuminated ophthalmoscope is directed to patient’s pupil while observing it
through the fenestration in the ophthalmoscope. The examiner approaches the
patient’s eye to a distance within anterior principal focus i.e. about 15 mm,
where a virtual erect image of the fundus is seen formed behind patient’s eye.
The optical system of the eye acts as a simple microscope which magnifies the
image about 15 times. The magnification can be derived by dividing the diopteric
power of the ...
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Stargardt's Disease
by - 2411 reads, based on 2 votes
Intoduction
Stargardt’s Disease is an autossomal recessive hereditary disease included in the group of degenerative macular diseases, which consists in progressive lost of cones in fovea of both eyes, leading to variable levels of central vision loss. At fundoscopy, there’s often the presence of yellowish flecks around the macula, a condition called fundus flavimaculatus.
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