Page 2 of 2: Most common cause of myelophthisic anaemia

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Myelophthisic anemia is an anemia that results from marrow infiltration, typically by tumor but also by any nonhematopoietic tissue.
Almost all cancers can metastasize to the marrow, but the most common are cancers of the lung, breast, and prostate. Metastatic foci in the marrow can be found in 20 to 30 percent of patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung at the time of diagnosis and in more than 50 percent at autopsy.

ahmedasif · Credits: 534 My Scrapbook

its secondaries....
i think

ahmedasif · Credits: 534 My Scrapbook

secondries i guess so

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Infiltrating lesions caused by nonhematopoietic cells invading bone marrow can result in varying degrees of cytopenia, including anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and pancytopenia. Bone marrow failure resulting from secondary infiltration is a possible cause of lack of blood cell production (as differentiated from a primary cause of failure). Manifestations range from a leukoerythroblastic picture to the presence of a few teardrop-shaped red blood cells and early myeloid precursor cells in the peripheral blood smear.
The most common causes of extensive bone marrow infiltrative damage or invasion without much structural damage are listed below. The expanding number and volume of pathologic cells and release of suppressive cytokines can eventually lead to bone marrow failure without the characteristic morphologic features of myelophthisis.
Leukemic cells, such as in chronic leukemias in which the expanding cells are mature and coexist peacefully with the normal bone marrow cells, show no evidence of myelophthisis, and marrow damage does not occur.
In both agnogenic and secondary myelofibrotic disorders, megakaryocytes release platelet-derived growth factors, which are fibroblastic stimulants for growth and proliferation. This leads to the consequences of bone marrow space reduction and to disruption of normal bone marrow architecture.
Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia is a stem cell abnormality associated with myeloproliferative diseases. It is related to an abnormal stem cell clone that stimulates increased myelofibrosis and damage. It progresses to acute leukemia and is associated with extramedullary hematopoiesis in the liver and spleen, causing hypertrophy of these organs.
Secondary myelofibrosis is due to implantation or invasion by malignant cancer cells that have metastasized because of implantation of blood-borne tumor cells from a distant cancer. The most common sources are cancers of the lung, breast, and prostate and sarcomas.
Nonmalignant causes of myelophthisis include (1) inflammatory cells, miliary tuberculosis, and fungal infections; (2) sarcoidosis; (3) macrophage proliferation in storage diseases such as Gaucher disease; (4) necrosis in sickle cell disease and septicemia; and (5) bone disease in congenital osteopetrosis.

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