Page 1 of 1: Library: Diaphragmatic apertures

akanksha · Credits: 41247 My Scrapbook My Reading List 14 Books

Major openings:

-Vena caval foramen - T8
-Oesophageal aperture -T10
-Aortic aperture - T12

Minor openings:-hemiazygous vein; through the left crus

-Phrenic nerves:
left phrenic nerve through the muscular left dome lateral to the fibrous pericardium
right phrenic nerve through the tendinous vena caval aperture

-Splanchnic nerves; through the crura

akanksha · Credits: 41247 My Scrapbook My Reading List 14 Books

Venacaval opening, apart from Inferior Venacava also allows the passage of:

-right phrenic nerve
-ascending lymphatics
-infrequently, the right hepatic vein

Esophageal opening, apart from esophagus, also allows:

-anterior and posterior vagal trunks
-ascending oesphageal branch of left gastric artery and veins

Aortic aperture allows (apart from aorta)-

-Thoracic duct
-azygous vein
-greater splanchnic nerve (occasionally)

akanksha · Credits: 41247 My Scrapbook My Reading List 14 Books

Q 1. The diaphragm

(a) Develops from the septum transversum and cervical myotomes
(b) Receives a nerve supply from both the phrenic and intercostal nerves
(c) An opening in the central tendon transmits the left phrenic nerve
(d) The inferior vena cava passes through the diaphragm at the level of the T12 vertebra
(e) The aorta passes through the diaphragm at the level of the T8 vertebra

Q 2. Regarding the diaphragm,

a. In the midline the crura join to form the lateral arcuate ligament
b. The fascia overlying the psoas muscle is thickened and gives origin to the diaphragm
c. The IVC passes thru the most posterior part of the openings
d. The aorta enters the thorax anterior to the crura
e. The esophageus passes thru the muscular part of diaphragm in the region of right crus.

akanksha · Credits: 41247 My Scrapbook My Reading List 14 Books

Q 3. The abdominal aorta:

a.Pierces the diaphragm in front of the T12 vertebra.
b.Divides into the 2 common iliac arteries in front of L4.
c.Gives off 5 lumbar arteries on each side.
d.Is closely related to the left sympathetic trunk.
e.aneurysms usually arise above the origin of the renal arteries.

Q 4. The thoracic duct:

a.Enters the thorax through the caval opening of the diaphragm.
b.Bends laterally in front of the carotid sheathat the level of the C7 vertebra.
c.Passes anterior to the left phrenic nerve at the medial border of the scalenus anterior muscle.
d.Passes behind the first part of the subclavian artery.
e.Terminates in the left Internal Jugular Vein.

shabana · Credits: 11520 My Scrapbook

i have mnemonics about the major apertures

Voice Of America

v vena cava

o oesophagus

a aorta

what is your opinion

akanksha · Credits: 41247 My Scrapbook My Reading List 14 Books

niranjan · Credits: 622 My Scrapbook

thank.s

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