Page 1 of 1: landmark in usg testes

sunit · Credits: 1499 My Scrapbook

landmark in usg testes is?

1 testicular artery
2. rete
3. tunica albuginea
4.medistinum

whiteguardian · Credits: 9543 My Scrapbook

Ultrasonography is being used with increased frequency in the evaluation of the infertile male. Minimally invasive and non-invasive sonographic procedure have become a readily available tools for the diagnosis of many disorders of male reproductive tract and largely replaced previous "gold standard" radiological procedures.

Sonographic evaluation is dependent on operator experience and the knowledge of the disease process. It is very important to know normal ultrasound Anatomy of male reproductive tract.

In most instances testis is seen as a homogenous structure with a salt-and pepper texture. In the adult it measures approximately 3.5cm in length and 2-3 cm in diameter.

The mediastinum testis is seen as a very echogenic linear structure in the peripheral postero-superioir portion of the testis. The head of the epididymis has a triangular or pyramidal shape and an echogenicity similar to the testis. It ranges in size from 7 to 15 mm and seen in the superior pole of the testis. The body of the epididymis is less echogenic than the head or adjacent testis. Normally epididymis will not have readily demonstrable color flow and the presence of flow may indicate an inflammation. Sometimes appendix testis and appendix epididymis may be seen.

Scrotal ultrasound is employed for the evaluation of testicular size, intra-and extratesticular masses. Most intratesticular lesions in the age group concerned about fertility are malignant, benign lesions such as microlithiasis, intratesticular cyst, old hematoma may be found. Examination of the epididymis is helpful for the diagnosis of epididymal cyst or spermatocele. They are usually hypoechoic and circumscribed with good through transmission and posterior wall enhancement. In certain situation spermatocele may become obstructive and cause azoospermia.

The hydrocele, fluid filled tunica vaginalis sac surrounding testis, is easily diagnosed with an ultrasound. Hydrocele may be associated with testicular tumor or epididymal obstruction as a consequence of epididymitis.

One of the principal applications of scrotal ultrasound in infertility is the diagnosis of varicocele. Although the presence and grade of varicocele is traditionally determined by physical examination, ultrasound may additionally detect subclinical varicocele.

The diagnosis of a varicocele with scrotal sonography include standard measurement of venous diameter and color flow Doppler study which allows to determine the direction and magnitude of venous blood flow. The values used to define a positive exam have varied considerably in the literature. The presence of a subclinical varicocele may be confirmed if the largest scrotal vein is greater than 3 mm (with or without Valsalva, number of veins increased (>3), the largest vein is 2-3 mm with reflux or 2mm at rest with increase in diameter >0.5 mm with Valsalva.

asd · Credits: 871 My Scrapbook

do you perform testicular usg ,white guardian?

in some cases during valslva maonuver .we observe reflux flow with no associated increase in vein diameter.

I consider this is physiologic as panpiniform plexus veins have no valves.

do you agree?

asd · Credits: 871 My Scrapbook

sunit the answer is mediastinum testis

sunit · Credits: 1499 My Scrapbook

thank you whitegurdian for the useful information .

bubblegum81 · Credits: 282 My Scrapbook

does anyone know grades of varicocole? thnx

soko · Credits: 10608 My Scrapbook

DOES ANY ONE KNOW WHERE TO SOURCE FOR TELERADIOLOGY OPPORTUNITIES?

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