Page 1 of 1: MCQ ZONE anatomy DISSECTED 1

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1. The diaphragm develops in the neck and hence receives its nerve supply from the cervical spinal cord (C4-C5). It is made up of structures arising from the septum transversum, pleuroperitoneal membranes, the dorsal mesentery and body wall. The septum transversum forms the central tendon. The motor nerve supply arises from the phrenic nerve. The sensory nerve supply is from the lower six intercostal nerves. The IVC, oesophagus and aorta pass through the diaphragm at the levels of T8, T10 and T12 respectively.
2. The oesophagus is 25 cm in length. The oesophagogastric junction lies 40 cm from the incisors. The oesophagus is lined by both striated (upper two-thirds) and smooth (lower third) muscle. The lower third is line by columnar epithelium. The venous drainage is into the inferior thyroid, azygos and left gastric veins. The communication between the azygos and left gastric veins is an important portosystemic anastomosis that can be the site of oesophageal varices.
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3. The radial nerve is the main branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. Other branches of the posterior cord include the axillary, thoracodorsal and upper and lower subscapular nerves. All roots of the brachial plexus arise from the anterior primary rami. The radial nerve supplies the forearm and wrist extensors; A radial nerve palsy results in a classical 'wrist drop'. The anterior and posterior interosseus nerves are branches of the median and radial nerves respectively.
4. The thymus lies within the anterior mediastinum. It develops with the inferior parathyroid gland from the third pharyngeal pouch. The cells of the thymus are of endodermal origin. It is at its largest in childhood and decreases in size with age.
5. Scalenus anterior arises from the transverse processes of the third to six cervical vertebrae. It inserts into the scalene tubercle of the first rib. The subclavian vein passes anteriorly. The subclavian artery and brachial plexus pass posteriorly. The phrenic nerve lies on the anterior surface.
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