Children are annoying (hyperkinesia, irritability, insomnia, aggression)
Adults are dosy (sedation, dizziness, drowsiness)
Atropine: origin tells action or vice versa
Atropine causes your pupils to dilate, and it came from nightshade [belladona]
In the night or in shade, your pupils dilate so you can see
Atropine use: tachycardia or bradycardia
"A goes with B":
Atropine used clinically to treat Bradycardia
Reserpine action
Reserpine depletes the Reserves of catecholamines [and serotonin]
Botulism toxin: action, related bungarotoxin
Action: "Botulism Bottles up the Ach so it can't be the released"
Related bungarotoxin: "Botulism is related to Beta Bungarotoxin (beta-, not alpha-bungarotoxin--alpha has different mechanism)
Ipratropium action
Atropine is buried in the middle: iprAtropium, so it behaves like Atropine
Succinylcholine: action, use
Succinylcholine gets Stuck to Ach receptor, then Sucks ions in through open pore
You Suck stuff in through a mouth-tube, and drug is used for intubation
Cholinergics (eg: organophosphates) effects
If you know these, you will be "LESS DUMB":
Lacrimation
Excitation of nicotinic synapses
Salivation
Sweating
Diarrhea
Urination
Micturition
Bronchoconstriction
Anticholinergic Overdose
Not really a mnemonic:
Blind as a bat
Dry as a bone
Red as a beet
Mad as a hatter
Hot as a hare
and: mydriasis, absent BS, urinary retention
"Ben SCAMs Pam into seduction not by brain but by muscle":
Sedation
anti-Convulsant
anti-Anxiety
Muscle relaxant
Not by brain: No antipsychotic activity.
A-Asthma
B-Bronchospasm in Bronchiolitis
C-CHF, COPD
Propranolol and related '-olol' drugs: usage
"olol" is just two backwards lower case b's
Backward b's stand for "beta blocker"
Beta blockers include acebutolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, oxprenolol, propranolol
Warfarin: action, monitoring
WePT:
Warfarin works on the extrinsic pathway and is monitored by PT.
Beta-blockers side effects
"BBC Loses Viewers In Rochedale":
Bradycardia
Bronchoconstriction
Claudication
Lipids
Vivid dreams & nightmares
-ve Inotropic action
Reduced sensitivity to hypoglycaemia
SLOW:
Has a slow onset of action.
A quicK Vitamin K antagonist, though.
Small lipid-soluble molecule
Liver: site of action
Oral route of administration.
Warfarin
Amiodarone: action, side effects
6 P's:
Prolongs action potential duration
Photosensitivity
Pigmentation of skin
Peripheral neuropathy
Pulmonary alveolitis and fibrosis
Peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is inhibited -> hypothyroidism
Patent ductus arteriosus: treatment
"Come In and Close the door":
INdomethacin is used to Close PDA.
See the Hopi [Opioids] Indians on Horseback [Heroin] B-U-R-N B-A-D A-M-E-R-I-C-A-N-S.
B-Biliary smooth muscle constriction and spasm of sphincter of Oddi
UR - Urinary Retention
N-Naloxone, Naltrexone, Nalmefene are opioid antagonists.
B-Bradycardia and hypotension
A-Antitussive effect (cough reflex suppression)
D-Deep tendon reflexes are Depressed.
A-Analgesic effect
M-Miosis
E-Euphoria
R-Respiratory depression
I-Intracranial pressure is increased. (This effect is minimal with normal or low pCO2.)
C-Constipation
A-Acute opiate intoxication morbidity and mortality due to A-Anaphylaxis, ARDS, Acute respiratory Acidosis,
and Aspiration pneumonitis.
N-Nausea and vomiting
S-Sedation
Acute opiate intoxication is characterized by abnormal mental status, decreased respiration, and miotic pupils [2].
Hopi [Opioids] means a Calm, Peaceful people" [reduced HR, BP, temperature, respirations].
They use their eagle Eyes to hunt down a Pin [Pinpoint pupils indicate overdose: use antagonists].
3) "MOOD DISORDERS---seen in Schizoid state , MANIA---is a mood disorder, fes.--Mood Congruent delution, Delution of Grandeur, Neologism characteristic, Euphoria, Suicidal tendencies, pressure of Speech, Insomnia, Basic disturbance--ELATION, ass. With Good Humour, Physical Overactivity,
Rx of acute mania--is Lithium, drugs used--Haloperidol, Lithium,Carbamazepine,Chlorpromazine
4) "OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER/ NEUROSIS---characterised by Eleborate, checking, Repeated hand washing, Execessive Slowness, Irresistant Irrational behavior ,
Fixed at ANAL Stage, Persistance Irrational thought resisting the Data.
Mostcommon complication--is Depression
DOC.-Clomipramine, Rx-Dugs+Behavior therapy.
Rx of severe intractable OCN--is Cingulotomy, DOC.-Fluoxetine, DOC(OCN)--Imipramine"
5) "DELUSIONAL DISORDERS---DEF.-firm false /unshakeable belief ,seen in schizophrenia, mania, delirium, psychosis,psychotic depression ,it is comprehensible.
It is a Disorder of THINKING, MOOD CONGUENT DELUSIONS--MANIA & DEPRESSION ,DELUSION-OF-PERSECUTION---seen in schizophrenia.,"
6) "HALLUCINATIONS---disorder of false perception,
Visual hallucinations--seen in Alcoholism & Organic brain synd./lesion,
Auditory H.--seen in Schizophrenia, Mania, Amphetamine toxicity
Hypnagogic H.--arises when a pt. is falling a sleep"------------((12))
7) "ALCOHOL—
morbid jealously seen,ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL SYND.
DOC.-chordiazepoxide,early morning drinking ,delirium,secretiveness about the amount taken,obessions,delusions,tremulousness,hallucination,hyperactive state,amnestic disorder,delirium tremens,epileptic seizures,
ALCOHOL ADDICTION---direct evidence-withdrawal symptoms,
ALCOHOLIC BLACK-OUTS-chare. by amnesia for events during drinking. ALCOHOLIC HALLUCINATIONS---occurs within 24hrs.of alcohol intake. ALCOHOLISM---auditory hallucinations,visual hallucinations,delirium ,&amnestic reaction."--------------((11))
8) "ECT / ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY---
CI--in Brain Tumour ,Pergnancy ,Absolutely CI-in-increased ICT.
commonest side-effect--Amnesia,it is used in the Rx--of depression with sucidal - -tendencies, Req.>80Mvolts,
memory disturbance-recovers in few days to few wks.,antegrade amnesia of short duration occurs after ECT.
ECT is not useful in Rx of acute & chronic Schizophrenia, Unilateral ECT--less memory disturbance ,
9) "LITHIUM---Prophylactic Rx-MDP(manic depressive psychosis),used for Rx of Mood disorders,used in prophylaxis-Bipolar MDP,commonest symp.of lithium toxicity --is POLYURIA,chronic use of lithium--> HYPOTHYROIDISM, side-effects--hypothyroidism,Leucocytosis,Polyuria, Organs affected in Lithium toxicity--are Brain,Heart,Kidney(but not liver), Serum Li2+ levels=0.7-1.2meq/l , Lithium induced tremors--Rx Propranolol , "--------------((11))
10) "DEMENTIA---head injury, alzheimer's,huntington's chorea, multiple infarctions,deficiency of Niacin, Fes.--impaired memory, loss of judgment, loss of learned function,, Reversible cause--post encephalitis,Common in old age >60yrs. SUBCORTICAL DEMENTIA---Tactile agnosia,causes-parkinsonism,wilson's disease ,huntington's chorea,"-------------((10))
11) "PHOBIAS---is a type of neurosis, AGORAPHOBIA--Fear of OPEN Places, Animal Phobia--occurs at 8yrs. Of age, SOCIAL Phobia--Fear of public/seniors, IRRATIONAL Fear of Normal Instances,
Mx--Systemic Desensitization, Rx--Behavioural Therapy & Flooding , "-------------((10))
12) "PSYCHOSIS---Acute<2wks., auditory Hallucination seen, Major Psychosis--Endogeneous depression, Acceptance of other persons delusion-is the characteristis fes., ORGANIC Psychosis--Disorientation in time ,place,&person, Clouding of consciousness, Hallucination, Itellectual Impairment, Loss of insight, Rx-drugs used--Chlorpromazine,PUERPERAL Psychosis---, PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS---Schizophrenia, Mania, Psychotic depression"---------------((10))
13) "DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER---loss of Memory of all modalities , DISSOCIATION---seen in Fugue,Multiple personalities , Hysterical conversion, Somnabulism, dissociation hysteria leads to Amnesia , "----------((7))
14) "HYSTERIA---commonest symp.--motor or sensory phenomenon, Fixation of Hysteria--occurs at Phallic stage, uncommon symp.-Palpitation, Hysterical Somatization--Hemiplegia, Blindness, Fugue, Normal Intelligence, Rx--Psychoanalysis ,HYSTERICAL FITS---diff.fromm that of Epileptic Fits --Hyst.Fits occurs when people are Wachting , Incontinence of urine occurs,"--------------((7))
15) "TCA---ANTIDEPRESSANTS---TCA overdose-Rx-amitryptilline,safest TCA in HTN-Fluoxetine, TCA are CI. in angle closure glaucoma, Indications-gastric ulcer,depression,anxiety,…TCA adversly interact with Trnaylcypromine , TCA-causing Tardive dyskinesia-is-AMOXAPINE, side effects of TCA--metallic taste,dry mouth,epigastric discomfort,"-------------((6))
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